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Calculating Shindo Scale with Catastrophe Models

November 6, 2026

The latest paper from Inigo, alongside Dr. Karina Løviknes at the University of Oslo, has been published in Seismica: Empirical Relationships Between Ground Motion Intensities and JMA Seismic Intensity Scale.

Japan’s Shindo Scale describes earthquake shaking intensity and damage on a range from 0 (imperceptible) to 7 (severe damage). A growing number of Shindo-triggered parametric earthquake offerings are entering the Japanese insurance market. However, catastrophe models don’t calculate Shindo directly, making them hard to price.

Our new methodology parameterises the Shindo Scale within catastrophe models. It is fitted using 21,354 recordings from 112 Japanese earthquakes and validated on 256 recordings from other subduction zones. The final equations are simple to use, a major improvement compared to published alternatives, and designed to work with a range of catastrophe models.

Less uncertainty for Inigo, our clients, and the wider market.

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